Septic polyarthritis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Argentine polo foal

Abstract

A case is exposed of a one-month-old filly, Argentine Polo breed, that exhibited effusion in both tibiotarsal
joints (more pronounced in the left hind limb), a stiff gait, and pain upon manipulation of both limbs. The
initial diagnosis of hematogenous septic polyarthritis was confirmed through clinical examination and
laboratory studies (ultrasound, radiography, cytology, and culture). Radiographs of the stifle showed signs
consistent with osteomyelitis. Ultrasound diagnosis revealed significant effusion in the right
scapulohumeral joint. Additionally, the presence of physitis and osteomyelitis was identified in the
metaphyses of several long bones. Culture of the synovial fluid and bone lesions revealed the presence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therapeutic management included antibiotics: Ceftiofur and intravenous
Amikacin, analgesic: oral Meloxicam, and daily intra-articular lavage with Amikacin. This report highlights
the importance of early diagnosis and intensive treatment in cases of septic bone and joint infections in
foals.