Brachycephalic ocular syndrome

Abstract

The brachycephalic ocular syndrome primarily occurs due to the phenotypic changes observed in breeds
with shortened muzzles. These skeletal alterations result in a very shallow orbital cavity, causing the eyeball
to be excessively exposed without adequate protection. Combined with the excessive facial folds, this leads
to characteristic ocular symptoms such as exophthalmos, euryblepharon, lagophthalmos, medial entropion,
decreased corneal sensitivity, and dry kerato conjunctivitis.
This syndrome ultimately results in a decrease or loss of vision due to the development of pigmented
keratitis. It is worth mentioning that in Pug breeds, there is suspicion of a genetic factor that increases
predisposition to the onset of pigmented keratitis.