Role of the pediatric dentist in the detection of child abuse: systematic review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse (MI) is a public health problem of global impact, with oral and dental
manifestations that may be indicative of abuse. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness among health
professionals so that they are alert to any sign that presents suspicion of MI.
OBJECTIVES: It was proposed to contribute to the update of clinical manifestations of MI. In addition, to
build a guide on clinical indicators that collaborate in the diagnosis of abuse.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A documentary study was conducted, using inclusion and exclusion criteria
and keywords in order to theoretically substantiate the role of the pediatric dentist in the diagnosis of MI.
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Medline/PubMed databases were used
with MeSH terms, covering articles published between 2020 and 2023. Language filters (English and
Spanish) were applied, selecting relevant articles, eliminating duplicates or those outside the scope of the
study.
RESULTS: Of 26 articles included, 65.4% were published in dental journals and 16% in pediatric journals.
It was determined that no dental injury due to physical abuse is pathognomonic, although some oral
infections (gonorrhea and syphilis) are clearly indicative of sexual abuse. It was observed that injuries and
diseases caused by neglect were frequent, but not definitive for diagnosing abuse without the presence of
other risk factors. The implementation of continuous educational spaces for professionals was highlighted
as they strengthen the recognition of signs of MI and prevent the child from being assaulted again.
CONCLUSION: Oral injuries associated with MI are common, but not always conclusive. Pediatricians
and pediatric dentists must update their training in these indicators, as well as in the documentation and
reporting of suspected cases. Better training and collaboration between specialists increases the prevention
and detection of MI, and the protection of vulnerable minors.