Osseointegration, aspects that determine its success. Literature review

Abstract

The success of a dental implant is highly dependent on its chemical, physical, mechanical, and topographic characteristics of its surface; because they determine the activity of the cell attachment that are close to the dental implant surface. Therefore, the chemical composition, wettability, geometry, topography, roughness, surface energy, nanostructures and the coating with bioactive materials have a substantial impact on the rate and quality ofthe osseointegration process.
Methodology: A literature review was performed using the MedLine database with the Pubmed search engine. A total of 69 articles were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The combination of these properties determine the quality and degree of osseointegration. Moderate values of hydrophilicity (30◦-60◦) and roughness (Sa = 1-2 μm) favor osseointegration but we still don´t know the underlying biological mechanisms.
Current research follows biomimetic approaches: imitate the 3D configuration of the bone surface.