4. Kim, S. J., Port, A. D., Swan, R.,
Campbell, J. P., Chan, R. V. P., &
Chiang, M. F. Retinopathy of
prematurity: a review of risk factors and
their clinical significance. Survey of
Ophthalmology, 63(5), 618–637.
(2018)
5. Perlstein, T. S. Smoking,
Metalloproteinases, and Vascular
Disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis,
and Vascular Biology, 26(2), 250–256.
(2005)
6. Ambrose, J. A., & Barua, R. S. The
pathophysiology of cigarette smoking
and cardiovascular disease. Journal of
the American College of Cardiology,
43(10), 1731–1737. (2004)
7. Díaz Rodríguez R, Alberto Pestano
MM, Gil Hernádez MA, Abreu
González R. Flow Area and Macular
Vascular Density in Superficial, Deep
and External Retina of Healthy
Population Measured by Angiography
by OCT. ARCH. SOC. CANAR.
OFTAL; 29: 22-26. (2018)
8. Lafe, N. A., Phasukkijwatana, N., Chen,
X., & Sarraf, D. Retinal Capillary
Density and Foveal Avascular Zone
Area Are Age-Dependent: Quantitative
Analysis Using Optical Coherence
Tomography Angiography.
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual
Science, 57(13), 5780. (2016)
9. Samara, W. A., Say, E. A. T., Khoo, C.
T. L., Higgins, T. P., Magrath, G.,
Ferenczy, S., & Shields, C. L.
correlation of foveal avascular zone size
with foveal morphology in normal eyes
using optical coherence tomography
ANGIOGRAPHY. Retina, 35(11),
2188–2195. (2015)
10. Tick, S., Rossant, F., Ghorbel, I.,
Gaudric, A., Sahel, J.-A., Chaumet-
Riffaud, P., & Paques, M. Foveal Shape
and Structure in a Normal Population.
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual
Science, 52(8), 5105. (2011)
11. Fang, P. P., Lindner, M., Steinberg, J.
S., Müller, P. L., Gliem, M., Charbel
Issa, P., Holz, F. G. Klinische
Anwendungen der OCT-Angiographie.
Der Ophthalmologe, 113(1) (2015)
12. Siya Huo; David Xu; Sumit Sharma;
Peter K. Kaiser. A Comparison of
Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical
Coherence Tomography (EDI OCT) of
Choroidal Thickness between Different
OCT Devices. ARVO Annual Meeting
Abstract. April (2011)
13. Jiménez-Ruiz, C. A., Riesco Miranda, J.
A., Altet Gómez, N., Lorza Blasco, J. J.,
Signes-Costa Miñana, J., Solano Reina,
S., Granda Orive, J. I., Ramos Pinedo,
A., Martinez Muniz M. A. Barrueco
Ferrero, M. Treatment of Smoking in
Smokers With Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease. Archivos de
Bronconeumología (English Edition),
Volume 49, Issue 8, Pages 354-363.
(2013)
14. Tian-Ke Yang, Xiao-Gang Huang, and
Jing-Yan Yao. Review Article Effects
of Cigarette Smoking on Retinal and
Choroidal Thickness: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis.
Department of Ophthalmology, First
Hospital Affiliated to Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,
China. (2019)
15. Kuddusi Teberik MD, The Effect of
Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and
Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.
Düzce University Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Ophthalmology, Düzce,
Turkey. Turk J Ophthalmol 2019;
49:20-24 (2019)
16. Bohao Cui, Kai He, Xiaodan Zhang,
Wei Zhou, Zhiyong Sun, Mingxue
Zhang, Ying Shi, Yi Lei, Ling Yao,
Yiming Li, Mengyu Liao, Yinting
Song, Xiao Zhao, Han Han, Yanfang
Zhu, Miao Guo, Haokun Zhang,
Tiantian Yang, Yuyang Miao, Tinghui
Bai, Mengxuan Li, Wei Zhang,
Xueming Yao, Xuejing Kou, Yun Zhu,
Hua Yan. Association of cigarette
smoking with retinal thickness and
vascular structure in an elderly Chinese
population.Photodiagnosis and
Photodynamic Therapy Volume 36,
(2021)
17. Sizmaz, S.; Kucukerdonmez, C.;
Pinarci, E. Y.; Karalezli, A.; Canan, H.;
Yilmaz, G. The effect of smoking on
choroidal thickness measured by optical
coherence tomography. British Journal
of Ophthalmology, 97(5), 601–604.
(2013)
18. El-Shazly, Amany Abd El-Fattah MD