precoz, que se traduce en mejor pronóstico y
menor discapacidad.
Si bien la relación entre ambas entidades se
desconoce con exactitud y la evidencia científica
es insuficiente para establecer la afirmación de que
la TME puede ser causa de disección arterial, los
informes clínicos sugieren que las fuerzas
mecánicas sobre la columna vertebral juegan un
papel importante en un número considerable de
DAC y en la mayoría de los estudios controlados
de la población han encontrado una asociación
causal en pacientes jóvenes, aunque su incidencia
sea baja y la causalidad difícil de probar.
Recomendamos considerar la posibilidad de DAC
e informar a los pacientes, aunque resulta
controvertido considerar segura o no ésta técnica;
se han reportado a lo largo de los años una cantidad
importante de casos, como nuestros pacientes, en
los cuales hubo una estrecha relación entre TME y
el inicio de la clínica neurológica.
Introduction
This paper describes clinical cases with dissection
of the vertebral artery in patients who received
spinal manipulation therapy.The spinal
manipulative therapy (SMT) used for cervical
pain, includes all procedures where the hands or
mechanical devices are used to mobilize, adjust,
manipulate, apply traction, massage, stimulate or
otherwise influence the spine and paraspinal
tissues with the aim of influencing the patient’s
health 1,4. Nowadays many studies correlate SMT
with serious adverse events, such as cervical artery
dissection (CAD) and stroke due to it 3. CAD is a
tear or haematoma in the wall of the neck arteries
and is recognised as an important cause of
ischaemic stroke in young to middle aged people,
accounting for 2% of all ischaemic stroke but 10-
25% in those under 55 years of age. The aetiology
may be spontaneous or traumatic but is thought to
involve an underlying intrinsic susceptibility
coupled with exposure to an external trigger, such
as minor trauma or SMT, 2.
Clinical cases
In this case series two male patients are included,
52 and 42 years old, hypertensive, poor controlled
diabetics, overweighted patients. The first arrived
with vertigo, bilateral tunnel vision, 48 hours
cervical and retroocular pain. The second arrived
with homonymous hemianopia, visual
hallucinations and left retroocular pain. Both had
had SMT 12 hours before. MRIs were performed:
T2 y FLAIR hyperintensities and DWI restriction
suggested posterior territory ischemia. Angio
RMN: subtotal left vertebral artery occlusion and
free-floating thrombus in its middle third. The
angio-CT showed absence of flow of the right
vertebral artery in its lower third and filiform flow
in its upper third. Both had stroke suggestive
findings that were probably secondary to vertebral
artery dissection. They were given double
antiplatelet (aspirin 100mg/day and clopidogrel
75mg/day), rosuvastatin 40 mg/day.The
arteriography of the patients confirmed the
vertebral artery dissection, they did not meet
endovascular treatment criteria. The first patient
had dissection and occlusion from the beginning to
its V2 segment, the second had severe stenosis of
the V2 segment of the vertebral artery. In the first
case we decided to treat with acenocoumarol (3
mg/day orally) y enoxaparina (60 mg/12hs SC), he
had two neurological events and the stroke
extended. At the fifth day of treatment the patient’s
occipital lesions bled and we went back to double
antiplatelet treatment.
Conclusion
We analyzed the cases and results mandatory the
quick clinical suspect of vertebral artery dissection
in patients with neurological symptoms after SMT,
the diagnosis will allow us to give a right treatment
at the right time, which means a better prognosis
and less inability. We recommend to consider the
possibility of CAD and inform our patients about
the association between CAD and SMT, even
though the scientific evidence is not clear and its
controversial to consider this technic safe or not.
There have been several cases reported through the
years, as our patients who were closely related the
causality between SMT and the beging of the
neurological symptoms.
Bibliografía
1. Debette S 1, Grond-Ginsbach C, Bodenant M,
Kloss M, Engelter S, et al “Differential
features of carotid and vertebral artery
dissections: the CADISP study”.
Neurology. 2011 Sep 20;77(12):1174-81. doi:
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822f03fc.
Epub 2011 Sep 7.
2. Zhu Zhu, Xu Y., Wang Y., Zhou Z. Han X.,
el al. Chinese Cervicocephalic artery
dissection study (CCADS): rationale and
protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort
study. Zhu et al. BMC Neurology (2018) 18:6.
DOI 10.1186/s12883-018-1011-x.
3. Thomas LC. Cervical arterial dissection: An
overview and implications for manipulative
therapy practice. Man Ther. 2016 Feb; 21:2-9.