Introduction
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 9 or
epilepsy restricted to women with or without
mental retardation is caused by a mutation in the
gene encoding protocadherin-19 protein
(PCDH19; 300460) on chromosome Xq22.
1-2
Currently identifying 6 different mutations in the
PCDH19
3
gene.
Characterized phenotypically by early epileptic
encephalopathy, multiple types of seizures,
associated with fever, mild to severe mental
retardation with language impairment and ataxia.
4
Mutations in PCDH19 can cause an early and
severe epileptic encephalopathy that simulates
Dravet syndrome, with very similar clinical
characteristics, including the association of febrile
and afebrile seizures, polymorphic, in salvas,
developmental delay and language, alterations in
behavior and cognitive regression
5
.
Objective
Presentation of a clinical case of three sisters with
epileptic encephalopathy of early onset.
Case report
A 7-year-old girl with onset of epilepsy at 1 year
of age, salvage crisis with variable clinical
symptoms, triggered by febrile symptoms,
associated with maturational delay, without
dysmorphisms, normal EEG, normal MRI, normal
neurometabolic studies. Exome was requested due
to no evidence of dysmorphism, which identified
the variant c.1515T> G (p. Tyr505) in the PDCH19
gene, considered pathogenic, the girl presented a
good evolution of her epileptic encephalopathy
with moderate mental retardation and autistic
behaviors.
Sisters of five and two years, a year have
convulsions in salvas related to febrile symptoms,
second sister mild mental retardation, sporadic
crises and younger sister development according to
age, do not repeat them.
Conclusion
After the clinical picture found in the three sisters,
it is emphasized in the antecedent of the older sister
with the mutation in the PCDH19 gene, which is
associated with the appearance of convulsions in
early childhood, often in salvos, without evidence
of frequency of seizures with the degree of
cognitive deficit.
PCDH19 is probably an important epilepsy gene;
given the broad phenotypic spectrum, large series
of cases will be necessary to determine it.
Bibliografía
1. Hoshina M and cools; "A patient with an
early diagnosis of PCDH19-related
epilepsy"; No To Hattatsu. 2015
Jul;47(4):305-9; PMID: 26353454
2. Dibbens, L. M., and cools; "X-linked
protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-
limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment";
Nat Genet. 2008 Jun; 40(6):776-81; DOI:
10.1038/ng.149. Epub 2008 May 11.
3. Tsai MH and cool; "Molecular Genetic
Characterization of Patients With Focal
Epilepsy Using a Customized Targeted
Resequencing Gene Panel"; Front
Neurol.2018 Jul 6;9:515. DOI:
10.3389/fneur.2018.00515. eCollection
201.
4. Smith L; "PCDH19-related epilepsy is
associated with a broad neurodevelopmental
spectrum"; Epilepsia. 2018 Mar; 59(3):679-
689; DOI: 10.1111/epi.14003. Epub 2018
Jan 28.
5. Depienne, Cand cools; "Sporadic infantile
epileptic encephalopathy caused by
mutations in PCDH19 resembles Dravet
syndrome but mainly affects females";
PLoS Genet. 5: e1000381, 2009. Note:
Electronic Article. Erratum: published
online;
Https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.10003
81
Palabras claves
ENCEFALOPATÍA EPILÉPTICA, PDCH19,
PRIMERA INFANCIA, DÉFICIT COGNITIVO
Keywords
ENCEPHALOPATHY EPILEPTIC, PDCH19,
EARLY CHILDHOOD, COGNITIVE DEFICIT.